Pyramid§

To run apps built with the Pyramid web framework using Unit:

Install Unit with a Python 3 language module.
Create a virtual environment to install Pyramid’s PIP package:
```
$ cd /path/to/app/
$ python3 --version
      Python 3.Y.Z
$ python3 -m venv venv
$ source venv/bin/activate
$ pip install pyramid
$ deactivate
```
Warning

Create your virtual environment with a Python version that matches the language module from Step 1 up to the minor number (3.Y in this example). Also, the app type in Step 5 must resolve to a similarly matching version; Unit doesn’t infer it from the environment.

Note

Here, $VENV isn’t set because Unit picks up the virtual environment from home in Step 5.

Let’s see how the apps from the Pyramid tutorial run on Unit.

Single-File

We modify the tutorial app, saving it as /path/to/app/wsgi.py:

from pyramid.config import Configurator
from pyramid.response import Response

def hello_world(request):
    return Response('<body><h1>Hello, World!</h1></body>')

with Configurator() as config:
    config.add_route('hello', '/')
    config.add_view(hello_world, route_name='hello')
    app = config.make_wsgi_app()
# serve(app, host='0.0.0.0', port=6543)

Note that we’ve dropped the server code; also, mind that Unit imports the module, so the if __name__ == ‘__main__’ idiom would be irrelevant.

INI-Based

To load the configuration, we place a wsgi.py file next to development.ini in /path/to/app/:

from pyramid.paster import get_app, setup_logging

app = get_app('development.ini')
setup_logging('development.ini')

This sets up the WSGI application for Unit; if the .ini’s pathname is relative, provide the appropriate working_directory in Unit configuration.

Run the following command so Unit can access the application directory:
```
# chown -R unit:unit /path/to/app/
```
Note

The unit:unit user-group pair is available only with official packages, Docker images, and some third-party repos. Otherwise, account names may differ; run the ps aux | grep unitd command to be sure.

For further details, including permissions, see the security checklist.

Next, prepare the Pyramid configuration for Unit (use real values for type, home, and path):

{
    "listeners": {
        "*:80": {
            "pass": "applications/pyramid"
        }
    },

    "applications": {
        "pyramid": {
            "type": "python 3.Y",
            "working_directory": "/path/to/app/",
            "path": "/path/to/app/",
            "home": "/path/to/app/venv/",
            "module": "wsgi",
            "callable": "app"
        }
    }
}

Upload the updated configuration. Assuming the JSON above was added to config.json:
```
# curl -X PUT --data-binary @config.json --unix-socket \
       /path/to/control.unit.sock http://localhost/config/
```
Note

The control socket path may vary; run unitd -h or see Startup and Shutdown for details.

After a successful update, your app should be available on the listener’s IP address and port:
```
$ curl http://localhost

      <body><h1>Hello, World!</h1></body>
```

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v. 1.32.1

Pyramid§